Find exec causes find command to execute the given task once per file is matched. It will place the name of the file wherever we put the {} placeholder. It is mainly used to combine with other commands to execute certain tasks. For example: find exec grep can print files with certain content.
We will also cover find exec Linux examples like find exec rm to remove files with a certain condition, find exec pipe, find exec multiple commands, bash find exec, combine find exec with sed or awk.
- Find exec grep
- Find exec rm
- Find exec pipe
Find exec multiple commands syntaxes
There are two syntaxes for find exec.
find /path [args] -exec [cmd] {} \;
- {} Is a placeholder for the result found by find
- \; Says that for each found result, the command cmd is executed once with the found result.
- It is executed like this: cmd result1; cmd result2; …; cmd result N
find /path [args] -exec [cmd] {} \+
- {} Is a placeholder for the result found by find
- \+ Says that for all found results, the command cmd is executed with all the found results.
- It is executed like this: cmd result1 result2 … result N
when we should use find exec \; other than \+
- The tool run by -exec does not accept multiple files as an argument
- Running the tool on so many files at once might use up too much memory
- We want to start getting some results as soon as possible, even though it will take more time to get all the results
Find exec with du – Collect file size
In this find exec example, we will find all files under /tmp and collect the size for each file.
# find /tmp/ -type f -exec du -sh {} \;
Here, -type f means lookout for regular files. With the following find exec example, we can store the output to a file.
# find /tmp/ -type f -exec du -sh {} \; > /root/du_datababse.out
Find exec with rm – Remove files older than a certain time
In the below find exec example, we will list files older than 10 days
List files older than 10 days under /tmp directory
# find /tmp/ -type f -mtime +10 -exec ls -l {} \;
To remove files older than 10 days
# find /tmp/ -type f -mtime +10 -exec rm -rf {} \;
Here -mtime means file’s data was last modified n*24 hours ago
Find exec with mv – Rename files
Mv command is used to rename files. We can use this with find and exec to rename multiple files. This command we use find exec to rename files where the found files are stored in {} and then the files are renamed with _renamed extension
# find / -type f -name ‘howtouselinux*’ -exec mv {} {}_renamed \;
Find exec with chown
We can combine find exec with multiple commands in one line. Find will continue to run one by one. So each consecutive -exec command is executed only if the previous ones returned true (i.e. 0 exit status of the commands).
# find /tmp/dir1/ -type f -exec chown root:root {} \; -exec chmod o+x {} \;
Find exec with grep in Linux
We can combine find exec with grep if we wish to look for files with certain content.
For example below we need the list of files that has the string “howtouselinux”. But find exec grep print filename didn’t work here as we only get matched string.
# find /tmp/ -type f -exec grep -i howtouselinux {} \;
This is a dummy config file owned by howtouselinux
This is a dummy config file owned by howtouselinux
This is a dummy config file owned by howtouselinux
Find exec with grep and print filename
Now in the above command, we get a list of output from files that contain howtouselinux string. But it does not print the filename.
Here find exec grep print filename using different methods. In the below example we will combine find exec andd print filename.
# find /tmp/ -type f -exec grep -i howtouselinux {} \+
/tmp/dir2/text3:This is a dummy config file owned by howtouselinux
/tmp/dir2/text1:This is a dummy config file owned by howtouselinux
/tmp/dir2/text5:This is a dummy config file owned by howtouselinux
Alternatively, we can also use the below commands to combine find exec grep print filename.
# find /tmp/ -type f -exec grep -i “howtouselinux” {} \; -exec echo {} \;
# find /tmp/ -type f -exec grep -i “howtouselinux” {} \; -print
Find exec with shell script function
We can combine find exec with shell script function.
# find ./ -type f -exec bash -c ‘ls -lrt {}’ \;
Find exec with pipe
We can combine find exec with pipe. In the below example we are going to combine find exec with pipe multiple times.
# find /tmp/dir1/ -type f -exec sh -c ‘egrep -i a “$1” | grep -i howtouselinux’ sh {} \;
This example is a little complex. It is part of shell programming. We can refer to the following example.
sh -c ‘echo “You gave me $1, thanks!”‘ sh “apples”
You gave me apples, thanks!
That example works like this.
egrep -i a filename |grep -i howtouselinux
Grep and find exec with sed
We can combine find exec with sed or with awk. In the below example we combine grep and find exec with sed.
# find /tmp/dir1/ -type f -exec grep howtouselinux {} \; -exec echo {} \; | sed ‘s/howtouselinux/deep/g’
Find exec with links
In the below example we will combine find exec with the link option.
# find /tmp/dir1/ -links +1 -type f -exec echo {} \;
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